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- $Unique_ID{BRK04152}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis}
- $Subject{Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Phospholipidosis Pneumonia}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1993 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 594:
- Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of this article (Pulmonary Alveolar
- Proteinosis) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM list to
- find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Phospholipidosis
-
- Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Pneumonia
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources" section
- of this report.
-
-
- Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis is a rare lung disorder characterized by
- the filling of the air sacs of the lungs (alveoli) with grainy material
- consisting mostly of protein and fat. Breathing becomes progressively
- difficult. The disorder occurs in different forms, ranging from mild to
- severe.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis is a rare lung disorder characterized in most
- cases by breathing difficulty that gradually becomes more severe, especially
- following exertion. However, some patients show no symptoms of the disorder.
- The air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) are filled with a granular material
- consisting mostly of protein and fat (phospholipid). Certain cells called
- macrophages, that usually swallow inhaled particles in the lung alveoli, can
- be found to contain the phospholipid material. This disorder may spread
- throughout the lungs or be confined to a small area. The disorder may
- progress, remain stable, or spontaneously clear. The lower and rear lung
- regions are most commonly affected. Occasionally, only the front segments
- may be involved.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis is not known. Exposure to
- aluminum dust has been related to onset of this disorder in rare cases. A
- few cases have occurred in patients with impaired immune systems.
-
- ADD Disorder may, in some cases, be closely related to a generalized
- resistance to thyroid hormone. Researchers have studied the subject with the
- conclusion being that there is evidence of a familial predisposition to the
- disorder in some persons with a generalized resistance to thyroid hormone.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis affects males in greater numbers than females.
- Most cases begin between 20 and 50 years of age.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorder can resemble those of Pulmonary Alveolar
- Proteinosis. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Pneumonia is an acute infection of the alveolar spaces and/or the
- interstitial tissue of the lung. A whole lobe or only a part of a lobe can
- be involved. The pneumonia may be caused by different bacteria, viruses,
- fungi, or protozoa. Pneumonia is often preceded by upper respiratory
- infection. Symptoms usually start suddenly, with a shaking chill, sharp pain
- in the affected side of the chest, a cough, a high fever, and a headache.
- Breathing is difficult and painful.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Mild cases of Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis may spontaneously go into
- remission. More severe cases of this disorder may be treated by lavage under
- general anesthesia; i.e., rinsing out one of the lungs while the other lung
- keeps breathing. In some cases only one lavage is necessary while in other
- cases the lavage needs to be repeated several times. Secondary lung
- infections should be promptly identified and treated.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- November 1988. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- American Lung Association
- 1740 Broadway
- New York, NY 10019
- (212) 315-8700
-
- NIH/National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-4236
-
- Info-Line
- 1-800-222-LUNG
-
- References
-
- BRONCHOPULMONARY LAVAGE IN PULMONARY ALVEOLAR PROTEINOSIS: CHEST RADIOGRAPH
- OBSERVATIONS: M.E. Gale, et al.; AJR (May 1986: issue 146(5)). Pp. 981-985.
-
- TOTAL LUNG LAVAGE FOR PULMONARY ALVEOLAR PROTEINOSIS IN AN INFANT WITHOUT
- THE USE OF CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS: F. Moazam, et al.; Journal Pediatr Surg
- (August 1985: issue 20(4)). Pp. 398-401.
-
- MORPHOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY ALVEOLAR LIPOPROTEINOSIS
- REVISITED: I. Rubinstein, et al.; Arch Int Med (April 1988: issue 148(4)).
- Pp. 813-816.
-
-